Skander,
Here is where you're missing one point. All Scientific Laws were in essence indoctrinated as irrefutable truths at conception. Scientific Laws are definitions and parameters that define and circumscribe our entire understanding of a particular field. When Newton discovered his laws, so to speak, it was an observation of an omni-present phenomenon without question as to origin or method. Such as the Law of Gravity which defines the very nature of the relationship between two objects of various sizes in the Universe. All the scientist did was figure out the math behind the observation, but there was never a question of how did gravity come about, what previous form did gravity take, all these questions were irrelevant. The Law of Gravity is by definition FACT.
Wait just a darn minute there!
Scientific Laws are NOT indoctrinated as irrefutable truths at conception! If you believe that, then all one would have to do is propose a "Law" of Creationism (why mess with Intelligent Design in this case?), and if the person can get a consensus, you've got the new scientific Law of Creationism. THAT IS NOT HOW SCIENCE WORKS!
Scientific laws are discovered, the math behind them worked out, and are never disproven. This is what makes a law different than a THEORY, which is merely a hypothesis supported by scientific evidence.
Those theories that are proven go on to become scientific law. Examples of this are such things as Newton's Law (F=ma), Kepler's Law (planets in orbit sweep out equal areas in equal amounts of time (welcome to music class)), and the Law of Universal Gravitation (F(g)=G©m0*m1/r^2).
Theories which have not made it to "Law" status as of yet are generally not there for one of two reasons: 1) all the gaps have not been filled in, leaving doubt where there should be none or 2) insufficient accuracy or frame of reference exists to verify the theory.
Thus, we correctly refer to the "Theory of Relativity" - which we are insufficiently able to measure, although the rough estimates show we're awful darn close with it or the "Theory of Evolution," since the evolutionary line still has gaps (in other words, we can't (yet) trace the genetic line all the way back to the origins of life).
Scientists today are more careful about using "Law" than they were previously - since too many old "Law"s break down under Einstein's relativistic models. For example, F=ma is still considered scientific truth, but under relativity, m=m(0)*(1-(v^2/c^2))^.5 -- meaning that as velocity (v) changes, so does mass, and a=dv/dt, which measures the change in velocity. However, for very low speeds, where v is much less that c, you can easily see that m is very nearly equal to m(0) (rest mass). Therefore, any error term is extremely low. I submit to you that if "Newton's Law" were proposed today, until the relativistic part was worked out completely mathematically, it would be referred to as "Newton's Theory of Force."
However, when you say "Cell Theory" or "Quantum Theory," you are proposing a FIELD OF STUDY. This is the ENGLISH use of the word "theory" rather than the scientific use of the word "theory." Since, in our study, we examine the evidence in our search for the truth, the word "theory" is used. We do not refer to the study as "Law" because we are not SURE of what we'll find, nor do we refer to it as "Hypothesis" because we are working from established bodies of scientific evidence rather than developing our own. This does not mean that what is taught there is "as close to law as you can get." It means that we are at the border of our current understanding.
You're mixing math and science. In Science, the proven is referred to as "Law," the unrefuted but supported by evidence as "Theory" and the supposition as "Hypothesis." In math, the proven is referred to as "theorum," and the basic constructions as "postulates." Do not confuse mathematical "theorum" with scientific "theory."